Persian Wars
Map of Achaemenid Empire, commonly known as First Persian Empire
Carte du monde grec pendant les guerres médiques (v. 500-479 av. J.-C.).
Map of Achaemenid Empire in Russian, 500 BC.
Map of Achaemenid Empire in Russian, 500 BC.
Map of Achaemenid Empire in Russian, 500 BC.

Achaemenid king fighting hoplites, Cimerian Bosphorus intaglio (composite) Reference
![Achaemenid king killing a Greek hoplite. A possible depiction of Xerxes killing Leonidas [1]. Full image with original cylinder on this page.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cd/Achaemenid_king_killing_a_Greek_hoplite.jpg)
Achaemenid king killing a Greek hoplite. A possible depiction of Xerxes killing Leonidas [1]. Full image with original cylinder on this page.

Anatolian soliers of Xerxes army. Left - hoplite from Ionia, right - hoplit from Lydia.

Cylinder seal, chalcedony; depicts a 'Median' (Persian) warrior, on the left, facing a Greek warrior, with hoplite equipment, stabbing him with a lance; above, a winged solar disk. Achaemenid period, 6th-4th century BC. British Museum BM 89333 https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_1859-0301-89

Cylinder seal Persian stabbing Greek hoplite 89333

Darius Vase Battle between Greeks and Persians

Darius vase Persians fighting Greeks

Persian ship during greek-persian wars

A Greek slinger from the Greco-Persian Wars. Date of illustration : before 1904.

Greek soldiers of Greco-Persian Wars. Left - Greek slinger. Right - hoplites. Left hoplite's shield has a curtain which serves as a protection from arrows.

Greek soldiers of Greco-Persian Wars (reconstruction). Thessalian horseman and gymnites (γυμνίτης) – light-armed soldier with darts and bag with stones.

Greek hoplite and Persian warrior fighting each other. Depiction in ancient kylix. 5th c. B.C. National Archaeological Museum of Athens.

Greek hoplite and Persian warrior fighting each other. Depiction in ancient kylix. 5th c. B.C. National Archaeological Museum of Athens

Greek hoplite and Persian warrior fighting each other. Depiction in ancient kylix. 5th c. B.C. National Archaeological Museum of Athens

Greek soldiers of Greco-Persian Wars. Left - Greek slinger. Right - hoplites. Left hoplite's shield has a curtain which serves as a protection from arrows.

Persian ship during grego-persian war

Scaraboid with a Persian King Fighting a Greek Hoplite; Unknown; about 450 B.C.; Banded agate; 1.7× 1.2 × 0.7 cm (11/16 × 1/2 × 1/4 in.); 2019.13.9; No Copyright - United States (http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/) The Achaemenid Persian Great King drives a spear into a collapsing Greek hoplite on this scaraboid seal. The Greek is nude except for his crested Corinthian helmet, and he carries a shield and spear. The crown and long robe of the Persian king are carefully detailed. A bow and quiver are slung over his shoulder. The style of engraving suggests an origin in western Asia Minor, perhaps Sardis, and the gem was said to have been found in nearby Caria. Place: Achaemenid (Persian) Empire, Asia Minor (Place Created) Culture: Achaemenid (Persian Empire)

Greek, Attic; Nolan neck-amphora; Vases

Greek, Attic; Nolan neck-amphora; Vases

Greek, Attic; Nolan neck-amphora; Vases
Historical Overview
The Greco-Persian Wars, also called the Persian Wars, were a series of armed conflicts involving various Greek city-states and the Achaemenid Empire from 499 BC to 449 BC. The precipitating collision between the fractious political world of ancient Greece and the enormous empire of ancient Persia had begun when the Persian king Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek-inhabited region of Ionia in 547 BC. As they struggled to exert authority over the independent-minded Ionian cities, the Persians appointed Greek tyrants to rule each of them, though this would prove to be the source of much trouble for the Greeks and the Persians alike.
Sub-conflicts
Key Battles
Battle of Lade
494 BCTürkei
Battle of Artemisium
480 BCGriechenland
Battle of Mycale
479 BCTürkei
Battle of the Eurymedon
466 BCTürkei
Outcome & Quick Facts
Outcome
Persian victory; destruction of Miletus.
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