Conquest of Buto

Following the victory in the Delta, Narmer concentrated his forces on Buto (Pe), the religious and political heart of Lower Egypt. The city was besieged and eventually stormed. The conquest was not only military but also a symbolic act: the destruction of local power symbols and the installation of Upper Egyptian gods (Horus) sealed the end of the predynastic culture of the North.

Buto served as a logistical and ideological anchor point for the resistance. The strategic capture of the city was intended to ensure that no future rebellion in the north could find a cultural or administrative center. It marked the completion of the "pacification" of the north through the establishment of a permanent garrison.